What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
It is one of the most widely used types of psychotherapy today and is a short periodical and problem-focused formula. Cognitive Therapy, developed by Aaron Beck in the 1960s, tried to explain how intention is effective in mental disorders. In this sense, Beck was the first to develop the theory and pathways of cognitive and behavioral interventions in affective disorders.
cognitive behavioral therapy It is based on the theory that the person determines his/her intention structure, perception, interpretation of events, emotional reactions and behaviors. For this reason, the purpose of therapy is to reshape the person’s negative and dysfunctional ideas and replace them with realistic and positive ideas. In this case, the person’s feelings and behaviors are changed.
How Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Applied?
CIS is based on two basic principles:
1) Our cognitions have an impact on our feelings and behaviors.
2) Our behavior affects our moods and feelings.
Therefore, CBT focuses on changing misperceptions, misinterpretations, and dysfunctional automatic intentions by dealing with individuals’ forms of perceiving, interpreting, and attribution of meaning.
Even if the individual is not aware of some of his internal processes, he can reach and realize some of them with the conscious effort created by the therapy supplement.
For example, when the person is in the exam, he/she starts to feel worry and anguish by having the opinion that “I shouldn’t make mistakes, if I make a mistake, the result will be very bad”.
At this point, CBT tries to guide the individual to a healthy intention structure by working on the automatic ideas, intermediate beliefs, rules, basic beliefs that the person has, with cognitive restructuring.
-Automatic Intentions: These are the thoughts that naturally come to our mind, often not noticed, usually only the accompanying feeling is noticed. For example, while the idea of ”I must not make mistakes in the exam” passes through our minds very quickly, we feel the worry and sadness more clearly and heavily. Therefore, automatic ideas often lead to painful emotional reactions and dysfunctional behaviors. The most valuable clue about automatic intent is that it occurs when we feel heavy.
-Intermediate Beliefs and Rules: Even if the information obtained through experience and observation is not put into language by the person, because he believes in them, he acts in accordance with these beliefs and rules without being aware of it. For example, if he has had a middle belief in his life that “If I fail, people won’t love me”, he will feel too much pressure to succeed. If he believes in a rule that says “Asking people for help is an expression of powerlessness”, he will usually try to do his work alone, without help.
-Basic Beliefs: These are belief systems that are seen in 2 types in the form of positive or negative basic beliefs, formed as a result of past experiences, and collected in 3 main headings in general in the case of helplessness, worthlessness, and dislike.
For example, starting with the automatic idea of ”I will not be able to complete this assignment”, the Person may have the middle belief “If I cannot complete my homework, I am not a good student” and finally reach the basic belief “So I am a failure”.
What Are the Goals of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
The purpose of therapy is to correct the faults of misinterpreting the information one has, and to help change the assumptions that lead the person to dysfunctional feelings and behaviors.
First, automatic ideas, intermediate and basic beliefs are revealed, changed, and avoidance patterns of the person are detected, and it works for the acquisition of CBT skills that will enable one to help oneself throughout life. Thus, by increasing the awareness of the individual, it is ensured that he discovers alternative intentions different from the ones he is used to.
How Long Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Take?
Although the sessions usually last 45 minutes and focus on the client’s current time problems, since the early childhood period, traumas, if any, family contacts, work life and social interactions will be taken into account, an effective progress can be achieved in an average of 10 sessions, although it varies from person to person.
Is it an Effective Procedure?
Individuals who learn cognitive and behavioral techniques can prevent future recurrences of their distress by avoiding negative intentions in stressful situations, even after therapy has ended, as they also identify their cognitive errors. In studies on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, it is stated that this formula is effective alone in the treatment of many psychiatric diseases, and it is also added to drug treatment in order to increase the quality of life in many psychiatric disorders.
In Which Diseases Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Effective?
- anxiety disorders
- Panic attack
- Depression
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Tic Disorders
- Eating disorders
- Obesity
- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar disorder
- Sexual Dysfunctions
- family therapies
- Alcohol-Substance addiction
- Smoking addiction
- Sleeping disorders
- Anger Control Disorder
How is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Applied in OCD?
OCD is a disorder in which obsessions (obsessions) appear in the form of repetitive beliefs that cause anxiety in individuals, and compulsions (compulsions) appear in the form of rules that must be followed as a reaction to the obsession. Types of obsessions: Aggression, contagion, suspicion, sexual, religious bets can be, while Compulsion types can be given as examples of compulsions to control, regulate, repeat.
According to the cognitive behavioral theory, OCD is a learned behavior as a result of reinforcement of results. Cognitive therapy for OCD patients aims at patients’ beliefs about their obsessive ideas, not the opinions themselves.
They divided OCD treatment into three parts. These three parts are as follows;
• Spiritual education, anxiety management education and cognitive therapy
• Exposure and reaction prevention
• Relapse prevention and behavioral reward program
Can Depression Be Treated With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
- Behavioral Techniques:
In individuals experiencing severe depression, the use of behavioral techniques is valuable at the beginning of therapy. Because, to break the depressive cycle of decrease in activity level, sense of inadequacy, discouragement, decrease in satisfaction and self-esteem, increased activities are a tool that affects cognitive change, although it is not enough alone to achieve the result. These interventions reinforce the person’s ability to correct their negative expectations and see the contribution of their pessimistic perspective to their inability to continue their life.
- Cognitive Techniques:
In cognitive techniques, the therapist and client work together with the aim of revealing and eliminating beliefs that are wrong and inappropriate interpretations of the world that cause problems.
The therapist asks a series of carefully organized questions to enable new learning. The goals of the therapist’s questioning are usually:
a- Explain or describe the problem
b- Helping to identify intentions, images, and assumptions
c- Examining the meaning of events for the patient
d- Compensating the consequences of incompatible ideas and behavior.
How is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Applied in Anxiety Disorders?
Anxiety disorders encompass a series of related disorders that share common themes, called the anxiety spectrum of individuals.
-What is the Purpose of Anxiety?
• Security
• Survival
• Peace and quiet
• Pleasure (avoiding pain)
– What are the Types of Anxiety?
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Agoraphobia and panic
• Easy phobia • Social Anxiety
• Health Anxiety (Disease)
• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Acute Voltage Disorder
• Obsessive compulsive disorder
-What are the Mental Symptoms in Anxiety?
• Feeling of dread
• Difficulty focusing
• Sleep problems
- Insomnia
• Decrease in libido
• “Knotting the throat”
• Stomach contraction
• Loss of memory
-What are the Physiological Symptoms in Anxiety?
- trembling, twitching, shaking
- Back pain, headache, muscle aches
- shortness of breath, rapid breathing
- Don’t get tired right away
- don’t startle quickly
- numbness, tingling
- difficulty swallowing
Thoughts, feelings and behaviors are interactive and connected. Changing one affects others. Some individuals are more prone to emotional interventions, some to cognitive interventions, some to behavioral interventions, and some to systemic interventions.
At the beginning of the anxiety treatment, the patient provides relief with drug therapy, and then learns the skills of coping with the disease with CBT.
What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
It is one of the most widely used types of psychotherapy today and is a short-term and problem-focused system. Cognitive Therapy, developed by Aaron Beck in the 1960s, tried to explain how the idea was effective in mental disorders. In this sense, Beck was the first to develop the theory and methods of cognitive and behavioral interventions in affective disorders.
cognitive behavioral therapy It is based on the theory that it determines the person’s intention structure, perception, form of interpretation of events, emotional reactions and behaviors. For this reason, the aim in therapy is to reshape the person’s negative and dysfunctional opinions and replace them with realistic and positive ideas. In this case, the person’s feelings and behaviors are changed.
How Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Applied?
CIS is based on two key elements:
1) Our cognitions have an impact on our feelings and behaviors.
2) Our behavior affects our intentions and feelings.
Therefore, CBT focuses on changing misperceptions, misinterpretations, and dysfunctional automatic perceptions by dealing with the way individuals perceive, interpret and attribute meanings to events.
Even if the individual is not aware of some of his inner processes, he can reach and realize some of them with the conscious effort that occurs with the therapy supplement.
For example, while the person is in the exam, having an intention of “I shouldn’t make a mistake, if I make a mistake, the result will be very bad”, the person starts to feel worry and anguish, and as a result of this feeling, he cannot show his performance in a quality manner by answering the questions without being able to read them very carefully.
At this point, CBT tries to guide the individual to a healthy mindset by cognitive restructuring by working on the automatic ideas, intermediate beliefs, rules, basic beliefs that the person has.
-Automatic Intentions: Thoughts that already come to mind, often unnoticed, usually only the accompanying sensation is noticed. For example, while the idea of ”I must not make a mistake in the exam” passes through our minds very quickly, we feel the worry and sadness in a clearer and heavier form. Therefore, automatic convictions often lead to painful emotional reflections and dysfunctional behaviors. The most valuable clue about automatic ideation is that it occurs when we feel heavy.
-Intermediate Beliefs and Rules: Even if the information obtained through experience and observation is not put into language by the person, because he believes in them, he acts in accordance with these beliefs and rules without being aware of it. For example, if he has had a mid-belief of the form “If I fail, people won’t love me” from his entire life, he will feel too much pressure to succeed. If he believes in a rule that says “Asking people for help is an expression of powerlessness”, he will usually try to do his work alone, without help.
-Basic Beliefs: These are belief systems that are seen in 2 genders in the form of positive or negative basic beliefs, formed as a result of past experiences, and generally gathered under 3 main headings as helplessness, worthlessness, and dislike.
For example, starting with the automatic belief that “I will not be able to complete this assignment”, the Person may have the middle belief “If I cannot complete my homework, I am not a good student” and finally reach the basic belief “So I am unsuccessful”.
What are the Goals of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
The purpose of therapy is to correct the faults of misinterpreting the information one has, and to help change the assumptions that lead the person to dysfunctional feelings and behaviors.
First, automatic intentions, intermediate and core beliefs are revealed, modified, one’s avoidance patterns are identified, working to gain CBT skills that will enable one to help oneself throughout life. Thus, by increasing the awareness of the individual, it is ensured that he discovers alternative intention styles different from the ideas he is used to.
How Long Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Take?
Although the sessions usually last 45 minutes and are focused on the current time problems of the client, since the early childhood period, traumas, if any, family contacts, business life and social interactions will be taken into account, an effective progress can be achieved in an average of 10 sessions, although it varies from person to person.
An Effective Way?
Individuals who learn cognitive and behavioral techniques can prevent future recurrences of their distress by avoiding negative intentions in stressful situations, even after therapy has ended, as they also identify their cognitive deficits. In studies on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, it is stated that this method is effective alone in the treatment of many psychiatric diseases, and it is also added to drug treatment in order to increase the quality of life in many psychiatric disorders.
In Which Diseases Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Effective?
- anxiety disorders
- Panic attack
- Depression
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Tic Disorders
- Eating disorders
- Obesity
- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar disorder
- Sexual Dysfunctions
- family therapies
- Alcohol-Substance addiction
- Smoking addiction
- Sleeping disorders
- Anger Control Disorder
How is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Applied in OCD?
OCD is a disorder in which obsessions (obsessions) appear in the form of repetitive ideas that cause fear, and compulsions (compulsions) appear in the form of rules that must be followed as a reaction to the obsession. Types of obsessions: Aggression, contagion, suspicion, sexual, religious issues can be, while Compulsion types can be given as examples of compulsions to control, regulate, repeat.
According to the cognitive behavioral theory, OCD is a learned behavior as a result of reinforcement of results. Cognitive therapy for OCD patients does not aim at the ideas themselves, but rather at patients’ beliefs about their obsessive ideas.
They divided OCD treatment into three parts. These three parts are in the form:
• Spiritual education, anxiety management education and cognitive therapy
• Exposure and reaction prevention
• Relapse prevention and behavioral reward program
Can Depression Be Treated With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
- Behavioral Techniques:
It is valuable to use behavioral techniques at the beginning of therapy in individuals with severe depression. Because, to break the depressive cycle of decrease in activity level, sense of inadequacy, discouragement, decrease in satisfaction and self-esteem, increased activities are a tool that affects cognitive change, although it is not enough alone to achieve the result. These interventions reinforce the person’s ability to correct their negative expectations and see the contribution of their pessimistic perspective to their inability to continue their life.
- Cognitive Techniques:
In cognitive techniques, the therapist and client work together with the goal of uncovering and eliminating beliefs in the form of incorrect and inappropriate interpretations of the world that cause problems.
The therapist asks a series of carefully organized questions to enable new learning. The goals of the therapist asking questions are often:
a- Explain or describe the problem
b- Helping to identify ideas, images and assumptions
c- Examining the meaning of events for the patient
d- Compensating the consequences of incongruous opinions and behaviors.
How is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Applied in Anxiety Disorders?
Anxiety disorders encompass a set of related disorders that share common themes, called the anxiety spectrum of individuals.
-What is the Goal of Anxiety?
• Security
• Survival
• Peace and quiet
• Pleasure (avoiding pain)
– What are the Types of Anxiety?
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Agoraphobia and panic
• Easy phobia • Social Anxiety
• Health Anxiety (Disease)
• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Acute Voltage Disorder
• Obsessive compulsive disorder
-What are the Mental Symptoms in Anxiety?
• Feeling of dread
• Difficulty focusing
• Sleep problems
- Insomnia
• Decrease in libido
• “Knotting the throat”
• Stomach contraction
• Loss of memory
-What are the Physiological Symptoms in Anxiety?
- trembling, twitching, shaking
- Back pain, headache, muscle aches
- shortness of breath, rapid breathing
- Don’t get tired right away
- don’t startle quickly
- numbness, tingling
- difficulty swallowing
Thoughts, feelings and behaviors are interactive and connected. Changing one affects others. Some individuals are more prone to emotional interventions, some to cognitive interventions, some to behavioral interventions, and some to systemic interventions.
At the beginning of the anxiety treatment, the patient provides relief with drug therapy, and then learns the skills of coping with the disease with CBT. CBT is much more effective than drug treatments, especially in preventing the recurrence of the disease. Recognizing the notions about the benefits and harms of CBT fuss reinforces the distinction between functional and dysfunctional concerns. It teaches how to deal with the movements of avoiding ideas and behaviors at the points of concern.
- First, the focus is on providing mild relief from the person’s symptoms of discomfort.
- Second, the patient is taught how to recognize his distorted automatic beliefs.
- Third, it is intended to provide training on how to react to their distorted intentions through logic, reasoning, and experimental testing.
- Fourth, the patient identifies and modifies the unhelpful ideas underlying their core fears.
n. CBT is much more effective than drug treatments, especially in preventing the recurrence of the disease. Recognizing ideas about the benefits and harms of CBT fear underpins the distinction between functional and dysfunctional agitation. It teaches how to deal with the movements of avoiding ideas and behaviors at the points of concern.
- First, the focus is on providing mild relief from the person’s symptoms of discomfort.
- Second, the patient is taught how to recognize their distorted automatic intentions.
- Third, it is intended to provide training in how to react to distorted convictions through logic, reasoning, and experimental testing.
- Fourth, the patient identifies and modifies the unhelpful convictions that underlie their basic anxieties.
